VA Hospital Building System - hospital_bldg_system0001
Development Study
Foreword - hospital_bldg_system0003
Acknowledgements - hospital_bldg_system0004
Contents - hospital_bldg_system0005
Contents of Volume One - Design Manual
Figures and Tables in Volume One
Figures and Tables in Volume One (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0009
Figures and Tables in Volume One (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0010
Contents of Volume Two - Data Base
Figures and Tables in Volume Two
Figures and Tables in Volume Two (cont)
Contents of Volume Three - Project Report
Figures and Tables in Volume Three
Figures and Tables in Volume Three (cont)
Volume 1 Design Manual
Volume 1 Design Manual (cont)
Basic Concepts
The Prototype Design
Long Range Development
Variability
Planning Modules - hospital_bldg_system0026
Figure 110-1. The planning modules
Figure 110-2. The Service Module as a Building Block for Alternative Building Configurations
Space Modules and Fire Section
Building Subsystems - hospital_bldg_system0030
Figure 110-3. The Building Subsystems
Services - hospital_bldg_system0032
Design Specificity
Application - hospital_bldg_system0035
The Data Base
The Planning Modules
The Structural Bay
Figure 210-1. The Structural Bay
Capabilities
Suites of Large Rooms - hospital_bldg_system0042
The Service Module
Figure 220-1. The Service Module
Derivation
Size and Shape
Figure 220-2. Nominal Service Module Dimensions
Fire Sections - hospital_bldg_system0048
Range of Shapes
Special Service Modules
Special Service Modules (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0051
Special Service Modules (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0052
Service Bays
Figure 220-3. Typical Service Bay
Variations
Figure 220-4. Split Service Bay
Figure 220-5. Internal Service Bay
Location
Figure - hospital_bldg_system0059
Service Zone - hospital_bldg_system0060
Channels - hospital_bldg_system0061
Figure 220-6. Subzones: Section Through Beams
Figure 220-7. Channels: Section Parallel to Beams
Figure 220-8. Channels: Plan
The sequence of channels will be controlled by three factors
Access and Maintenance
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0068
Functional Zone
Services - hospital_bldg_system0070
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0071
Figure 230-1. The Space Module
The Space Module: Basic Design
Space Module Characteristics
Area of Space Modules
Interior Organization
Figure 230-2. Plan Zones
Bedroom Zone
Figure 230-3. Patient Room Critical Dimensions
Structural Bay Width
Figure 230-4. Bedroom Width Variations
Figure 230-5. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Figure 230-6. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Figure 230-7. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Planning Around Columns
Catalog of Space Module Capabilities
Figure 230-8. Space Module Summary Sheet
Figure 230-9. Space Module Type 1
Figure 230-10. Space Module Type 2
Figure 230-11. Space Module Type 3
Figure 230-12. Space Module Type 4
Figure 230-13. Space Module Type 5
Figure 230-14. Space Module Type 6
Figure 230-15. Space Module Type 7
Figure 230-16. Space Module Type 8
Figure 230-17. Space Module Type 9
Figure 230-18. Space Module Type 10
Figure 230-19. Space Module Type 11
The Fire Section
Figure 240-1. The Fire Section
Fire Section Characteristics
Figure 240-2. Fire Section Planning: System vs. Conventional
Relation to Functional Zone
Figure 240-3. Partition Requirements
Planning Module Applications
Tower separate from a base
Design Complexity
Alternative Configurations
Figure 250-1. Simple and Compound Assemblies
Legend for Figure 250-2
Figure 250-2. Examples of Classified Configurations
Assembly characteristics of the service module
The Service Bay
The Service Strip
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0118
Figure 250-3. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Adjacent to Service Module with Ducted Supply
Figure 250-4. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Located on Roof
Figure 250-5. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Located in Service Zone with Ducted Supply
Orientation and Access
Figure 250-6. Assembly Characteristics of the Space Module and Service Module
Assembly Characteristics of the Fire Section
Figure 250-7. Service Module Assembly Characteristics
Figure 250-8. Summary of Assembly Characteristics
The Building Subsystems
The Building Subsystems (cont)
Structure
Lateral Force Resisting Elements
Relationship between the main structural members
Figure 310-1. Basic Design of Structural Subsystem
Figure 310-2. Relationship Between Main Structural Members
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0134
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0135
Building Height
Building Width
Girders
Girders (cont)
Beams
Structural Slab
Shear Elements - hospital_bldg_system0142
Figure 310-3. Typical Set of Openings in Shear Wall Between Service Bay and Rest of Service Module
Penetration through shear resisting elements
Loading - hospital_bldg_system0145
Table 310-1. Design Live Loads
Figure 310-2. Summary of Vertical Design Loads
Lateral Loads
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0149
Special Considerations - hospital_bldg_system0150
Figure 310-4. Building Separations
Location of shear elements
Figure 310-5. Examples of Collectors for Lateral Forces
Double shear elements
Change of Direction in Framing
Figure 310-6. Accommodation of Change of Direction of Framing System when Beam Span is 45 Feet
Figure 310-7. Accommodation of Change of Direction of Framing System when Beam Span is not 45 Feet
Framing of Service Strips
Figure 310-8. Framing System for Portion of Floor with Service Strips
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0160
Excluded
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0163
Figure 320-1. Basic Design of Ceiling Subsystem
Supporting Framework - hospital_bldg_system0165
Figure 320-2. Ceiling Components
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0167
Figure 320-3. Example of a Poured Reinforced Gypsum Platform
Treatment of Walk-on Surface
Precast Lightweight Concrete
Figure 320-4. Example of a Precast Lightweight Concrete Platform
Figure 320-5. Example of a Dry Gypsum Platform
Figure 320-6. Example of a Metal Deck Platform
Finished Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0174
Option 2: Interrupted Ceiling Directly Applied to the Underside of the Platform
Option 2: Interrupted Ceiling Directly Applied to the Underside of the Platform (cont)
Option 3: Interrupted Finished Ceiling Suspended from the Platform
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0178
Figure 320-7. Ceiling Dimensions
Spacing of Main Members of Supporting Framework
Loading - hospital_bldg_system0181
Figure 320-8. Method of Support of Ceiling-Mounted Equipment from Structure Above
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0183
Figure 320-9. Acoustic Criteria for Various Assemblies
Finished Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0185
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0186
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0187
Penetrations
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0189
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0191
Figure 330-1. Basic Design of Partition Subsystem
Figure 330-2. Components of Partition Subsystem
Figure 330-3. Examples of Rated Perimeter Relief Runner Details at Head of Partition
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0195
Figure 330-4. Partition Generic Design Option 1: Gypsum Board on Metal Studs
Figure 330-5. Partition Generic Design Option 2: Laminated Gypsum Board
Typical Methods for Housing Services
Figure 330-6. Furring Around Surface Mounted Services
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0200
Strength
Laminated Gypsum Board Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0202
Attachments - hospital_bldg_system0203
Laminated Gypsum Board Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0204
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0205
Furring around surface mounted services
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0207
Gypsum Board on Metal Stud Partitions
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0209
Access
Rate of Change of Services
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0212
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0213
Heating Ventilating Cooling
Figure 340-1. Basic Design of HVC Subsystem
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0217
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0218
Channels - hospital_bldg_system0219
Service Bay - hospital_bldg_system0220
Figure 340-3. Service Bay and Secondary Subzones: Plan
Internal Service Bays
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0223
Figure 340-4. Typical HVC Load Distribution
Figure 340-5. Air-Handling-Unit Capacities
Variable Characteristics
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0227
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0228
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0229
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0230
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0231
Figure 350-1. Basic Design of Plumbing Distribution Subsystem
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0233
Figure 350-2. Typical Subzone Organization for Plumbing Distribution: Section
Figure 350-3. Secondary Subzones for Plumbing Distribution: Plan
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0236
Figure 350-4. Floor Drain Dimensions
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0238
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0239
Electrical Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0241
Figure 360-1. Basic Design of Electrical Distribution Subsystem
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0243
Service Bay - hospital_bldg_system0244
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0245
Figure 360-3. Load Distribution by Percentage of Total Load
Figure 360-4. Load Distribution in Heavy Demand Areas
Distribution Network
Service Module Requirements
Accessibility - hospital_bldg_system0250
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0251
Coordination Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0253
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0254
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0255
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0256
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0257
Table 370-1. Coordination Checklist Index
Procedure - hospital_bldg_system0259
Introduction - hospital_bldg_system0261
Introduction (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0262
Problem Analysis
Code Analysis
Design Development - hospital_bldg_system0265
Sanitary Zone
Configuration Options - hospital_bldg_system0267
Service Modules
Block Plan Concept
Building Schematic Design (Block Layouts)
Preliminary Documents
Contract Documents
Simplification
Production
VA Standards
Cost Estimating - hospital_bldg_system0277
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0278
Functional Area Costs - hospital_bldg_system0279
Construction Scheduling
Designing for Construction
Interstitial Space
Typical Sequence
Glossary - hospital_bldg_system0285
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0286
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0287
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0288
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0289
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0290
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0291
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0292
Data Base Volume 2
Data Base Volume 2 (Cont)
Data Base Requirements
Data Base Requirements (Cont)
Generalized Needs and Requirements: Total Hospital
User Needs for the Total Hospital
Maintenance - hospital_bldg_system0299
Building Management
Asepsis
Materials Handling and Transportation
Current Systems - hospital_bldg_system0303
Disposable (consumed) Items
Materials Handling and Transportation Systems
Current Systems - hospital_bldg_system0306
Communications - hospital_bldg_system0307
Functional requirements for the total hospital
Requirements Affecting the Configuration of Functional Units
Area Requirements
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0312
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0313
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0314
Unobstructed Area Requirements
Critical Dimension Requirements
Table 510-2. Spaces Required to be Column Free
Figure 510-3. Minimum Ceiling Heights
Requirements Affecting the Configuration of the Total Hospital
Relationship Between Functional Units
Relationship Between Functional Units (cont)
Building Height Limitations - hospital_bldg_system0322
Environmental Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0323
Acoustical Requirements
Lighting Requirements
Table 510-4. Acoustical Requirements
Table 510-5. Sound Transmission Resistance Between Nursing Unit Spaces, STC
Requirements for Finishes
Required Wall Finishes
Required Ceiling Finishes
Asepsis Requirements
Maintenance Requirements
Fire Safety Requirements
Table 510-6. Plumbing Distribution Requirements
Table 510-6. Plumbing Distribution Requirements (cont)
Table 510-7. Electrical Power Distribution Requirements
Miscellaneous Requirements
Attachment Requirements
Floor Slab Depression Requirements
Detailed Needs and Requirements: Nursing Units
General Nursing Unit
Table 520-1. Movement Factors: General Nursing Unit
Figure 520-1. General Nursing Unit: Nursing Staff Traffic Patterns
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0345
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0346
Figure 520-2. General Nursing Units: Organization Options
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0348
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0349
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0350
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0351
Social Work
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0353
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0354
Medical Service
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0356
Patient Bathing Facilities
Examination/Treatment Room - hospital_bldg_system0358
Medication Room - hospital_bldg_system0359
Offices - hospital_bldg_system0360
Intensive Care Units - hospital_bldg_system0361
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0362
Table 520-2. Movement Factors: Medical Intensive Care Unit
Table 520-3. Movement Factors: Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Table 520-4. Movement Factors: Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0366
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0367
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0368
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0369
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0370
Clinical Laboratory
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0372
Figure 520-3. Intensive Care Unit: Operational Relationship Option 1
Figure 520-4. Intensive Care Unit: Operational Relationship Option 2
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0375
Figure 520-5. Intensive Care Unit: Visual Control Diagram
Nurse's Station
Figure 520-6. Intensive Care Unit: Patient Environment Diagram
Figure 520-7. Cardiac Care Unit: Patient Room Example
Waiting Room
Self Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0382
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0383
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0384
Psychiatric Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0386
Table 520-5. Movement Factors: Psychiatric Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0388
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0389
Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Nurses
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0392
Laboratory Personnel
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0394
Functional Relationships - hospital_bldg_system0395
Figure 520-8. Psychiatric Unit: Primary Relationships
Security Room
Patient Shower and Toilet Facilities
Group Therapy Room
Offices - hospital_bldg_system0400
Nursing Instructor's Office
Nursing Home Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0403
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0404
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0405
Dayroom - hospital_bldg_system0406
Clinical Studies Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0408
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0409
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0410
Nursing Students
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0412
Figure 520-9. Clinical Studies Unit: Operational Relationships
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0414
Nurses' Station
Dayroom - hospital_bldg_system0416
Gastroenterology Unit
Operational Relationships
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0419
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0420
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0421
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0422
Figure 520-10. Gastroenterology Unit: Operational Relationships with Related Nursing Units
Examination Room - hospital_bldg_system0424
Conference Room - hospital_bldg_system0425
Hemodialysis Unit
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0427
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0428
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0429
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0430
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0431
Patients' Dressing Area
Kitchen
Organ Transplant Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0435
Table 520-6. Movement Factors: Organ Transplant Unit
Figure 520-11. Organ Transplant Unit: Operational Relationships
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0438
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0439
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0440
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0441
Office and Conference Space
Cardio-Pulmonary Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0444
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0445
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0446
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0447
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0448
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0449
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0450
Laboratory
Figure 520-12. Cardiac Catheterization Unit: San Francisco General Hospital
Equipment Storage - hospital_bldg_system0453
Electrocardiographic Laboratory
Technician Station
Patient Dressing
Teaching
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0458
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0459
Examination/Treatment Room - hospital_bldg_system0460
Residents' Quarters
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0462
Decentralized Facilities
Biomedical Engineering
Cost Base
Cost Parameters
Table 530-1. Summary of Subsystem Installed Costs
Description of Hospitals Studied
Memphis, Tennessee, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0469
Ceilings - hospital_bldg_system0470
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0471
Atlanta, Georgia, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0472
Heating-Ventilation-Cooling
Memphis, Tennessee, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0474
Atlanta, Georgia, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0475
Plumbing distribution - hospital_bldg_system0476
Plumbing distribution (cont)
Component Costs
Table 530-3. Ceiling Cost Breakdown
Table 530-4. Partition Cost Breakdown
Table 530-4b. Partition Cost Breakdown, Finishes
Table 530-5. Mechanical Cost Breakdown
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0483
Functional Area Costs - hospital_bldg_system0484
Sumamry Tables
Table 530-8. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Miami VA Hospital
Figure 530-1. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Miami VA Hospital
Table 530-9. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Memphis VA Hospital
Figure 530-2. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Memphis VA Hospital
Figure 530-3. Ceiling Functional Area Cost for Miami
Figure 530-4. Ceiling Functional Area Cost for Memphis
Figure 530-5. Partition Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-6. Partition Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0494
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling - hospital_bldg_system0495
Figure 530-7. HVC Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-8. HVC Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling (cont)
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0499
Figure 530-9. Plumbing Distribution Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-10. Plumbing Distribution Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0502
Electrical Power Distribution (cont)
Figure 530-11. Electrical Power Distribution Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-12. Electrical Power Distribution Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Building Trade Unions
Industrialization
Prefabrication and the Building System Prototype Design
Basic Concerns
Job Security
Job Security (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0512
Job Security (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0513
Attitudes Toward Prefabrication
Legal Influences
Legal Influences (cont)
National Union Policy
Recent Agreements
Future Trends - hospital_bldg_system0519
Determining Local Union Reaction to Proposed Prefabrication
Conclusions - hospital_bldg_system0521
Conclusions (cont)
References - hospital_bldg_system0523
References (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0524
Laws and Regulations
Codes
Federal Procurement Regulations
VA Manual M-7
VA Construction Standards
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0530
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0531
Discrepancies (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0532
Discrepancies (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0533
VA Master Construction Specifications
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0535
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0536
VA Standard Details
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0538
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0539
Project Report - Volume 3
Project Report - Volume 3 (cont)
Narrative - hospital_bldg_system0543
Summary - hospital_bldg_system0545
Conventional Design and Construction
Conventional Design and Construction (cont)
The Systems Approach
Performance Design
Cost/Performance Trade-off
Convergence and Feedback
Convergence and Feedback (cont)
Scope - hospital_bldg_system0553
Objectives
Improved Performance - hospital_bldg_system0555
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0556
Tasks
Tasks (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0558
Tasks (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0559
The Building System Prototype Design
The Building System Prototype Design (cont)
Conclusions - hospital_bldg_system0563
Life Cost - hospital_bldg_system0564
Improved Performance - hospital_bldg_system0565
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0566
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0567
Long-Range Development
Long-Range Development (cont)
Costs - hospital_bldg_system0570
Limitations and Constraints
Redundancy
Maintenance and Housekeeping
Hazards of Innovation
Recommendations - hospital_bldg_system0575
Construct a Mock-up for Physical Testing
Expand Scope to More Subsystems
Extend Capability to Needs of Other Uses
Further Development of the Data Base
Space Module Catalog
Building Technology and Systems Information
Further Research
Study Relative Merits of Horizontal vs. Vertical Hospital Configurations
Review of Planning Criteria
Review of Planning Criteria (cont)
Appendices
Appendices (cont)
Design Rationale, Planning Module
Figure 710-1. Functional Network Example
Room Module
Each module scale option
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0593
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0594
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0595
Double Loaded Corridor and Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0596
Cluster Plan Example (San Francisco)
Cluster Plan Example (Texas)
Core and Double Loaded Corridor Plan Example
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0600
Double Loaded Corridor and Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0601
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0602
Double Loaded Corridor Plan Example
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0604
Configuration Types
Architects for Example Nursing Units
Dimensional Characteristics
Relation of Span to Space Use
Relation of Span to Space Use (Cont)
Relation of Bay Width to Space Use
A Set of 11 Space Modules
Additional Space
Verification of Structural System
Suites of Large Rooms - hospital_bldg_system0614
Figure 710-2. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida
Figure 710-3. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Figure 710-4. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Figure 710-5. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida
Figure 710-6. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Figure 710-7. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Configuration Studies
Legend (Figures 710-8, 9 & 10)
Figure 710-8. VA Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
Figure 710-9. VA Hospital, Wood, Wisconsin
Figure 710-10. VA Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
Design Rationale, Building Subsystems
Framing System for Vertical Loads
Shallow Beams Combined with Suspended Ceiling-Platform
Deep Truss
Access Floor
Combination Access Floor and Suspended Ceiling
Building Height Limitations - hospital_bldg_system0633
Seismic Zone 1
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0635
Horizontal Access
The Platform is a Constant Height Above the Floor
Ceiling Lighting Fixtures are Surfaced Mounted
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0639
Figure 720-1. Interface Between Partitions and Services
The wet systems
Services - hospital_bldg_system0642
Individual Fan-Coil Units.
Air Velocity
Operating and Maintenance Costs
Single-Duct Air-Handling Units
Return/Exhaust Systems
Exhaust Shaft to the Roof
Special Exhaust and Toilet Exhaust: Main Distribution
Plumbing - hospital_bldg_system0650
Example Building Schematic Design
Program Analysis
Ratio of Gross to Net
Program Summary
Program Summary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0655
Program Summary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0656
Space Module Selection
Figure 730-1. Typical Nursing Unit, Areas
Eligible Space Modules
Configuration Options - hospital_bldg_system0660
Figure 730-2. Module Type 6
Figure 730-3. Module Type 11
Choice of Configuration
Design Description
Figure 730-4. Gross Space Allocation
Fire Sections - hospital_bldg_system0666
Relationships
Figure 730-5. Building Configuration
Level 2
Figure 730-6. Level 0
Figure 730-7. Level 0
Figure 730-8. Level 1
Figure 730-9. Level 1
Figure 730-10. Level 2
Figure 730-11. Level 2
Figure 730-12. Level 3
Figure 730-13. Level 3
Figure 730-14. Level 4
Figure 730-15. Level 4
Figure 730-16. Site Plan
Figure 730-17. Sections
Example Service Module
Services - hospital_bldg_system0684
Main Distribution
Branch Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0686
Figure 740-1. The Shell Plan
Figure 740-2. The Services: Plan
Figure 740-3. Subzones: Section
Opening Configuration
HVC Distribution
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0692
Electrical Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0693
Figure 740-4. Functional Zone: Outpatient and Radiology
Figure 740-5. Service Zone: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-6. Service Zone: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-7. Service Zone: Electrical Subsystem
Alteration
Branch Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0700
Figure 740-8. Functional Zone: Radiology Department
Figure 740-9. Service Zone: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-10. Service Zone: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-11. Service Zone: Electrical Subsystem
Conclusion
Model and Mock-up Demonstration
Figure 740-12. Model: The Service Module
Figure 740-13. Model: Cross Section
Figure 740-14. Model: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-15. Model: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-16. Model: Electrical Subsystem
Figure 740-17. Model: Combined Services
Figure 740-18. Model: Service Bay
Figure 740-19. Model: Close Up
Figure 740-20. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-21. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-22. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-23. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-24. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Cost and Time Analysis
Table 750-1. Construction Cost Estimate, Example Building Schematic Design
First Cost
First Cost (Cont)
Building Subsystem Target Costs
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0726
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0727
The cost per lineal foot of partition
The major variables affecting the cost of the partitions
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling - hospital_bldg_system0730
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0731
Miscelaneous Cost-Benefit Analyses
Additional Space Resulting from the Use of a Structural Module
Simple vs. Complex Perimeter
Beams vs. Trusses
Beams vs. Trusses (cont)
Life Cost - hospital_bldg_system0737
Relation of Life Cost to First Cost
Analysis of Existing VA Hospitals
Operations and Maintenance - hospital_bldg_system0740
Major Alterations
Table 750-2. Alteration Cost Estimate, Example Service Module Design, Conventional Design and Construction
Table 750-3. Alteration Cost Estimate, Example Service Module Design, Building System Prototype Design
Total Effect on Life Cost
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0745
Advantage sof Phased Bidding
Implications of Time Reduction
Special Procedures
Figure 760-1. Comparative Schedules
Phased Bidding
Phased Bidding (Cont)
Construction Management
Construction Management (cont)
Product Evaluation
Responsibility of the Construction Manager
Product Development
Predesign and Competitive Bidding
Limited Programs
A Development Program for a Special Ceiling System
Establish Scope
Evaluate Designs
Provide Development Assistance
Figure 760-2. Approximate Schedule for Special Ceiling Development Program
System Evaluation
Processing the Data
Ceiling Performance Specifications
Schedule - hospital_bldg_system0768
Scope - hospital_bldg_system0769
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0770
Design Proposal
Other Material
Priced Proposal
Performance Criteria
Requirements
Surface Characteristics
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0777
Compatibility
Service Containers
Categories and Manufacturers
Prefabricated Bathroom Components
Figure 780-1. Service Container Categories 1-3
Figure 780-2. Service Container Categories 4-6
Ceiling-Hung Integrated Service Containers
Prefabricated Rooms for Specialized Environments
Cost Comparison (Example)
Figure 780-3. Basis of Cost Comparison
Results of Comparison
Bibliography - hospital_bldg_system0789
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0790
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0791
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0792
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0793
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0794
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0795
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0796
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0797
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0798
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0799
VA Hospital Building System - index
Development Study
Foreword - hospital_bldg_system0003
Acknowledgements - hospital_bldg_system0004
Contents - hospital_bldg_system0005
Contents of Volume One - Design Manual
Figures and Tables in Volume One
Figures and Tables in Volume One (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0009
Figures and Tables in Volume One (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0010
Contents of Volume Two - Data Base
Figures and Tables in Volume Two
Figures and Tables in Volume Two (cont)
Contents of Volume Three - Project Report
Figures and Tables in Volume Three
Figures and Tables in Volume Three (cont)
Volume 1 Design Manual
Volume 1 Design Manual (cont)
Basic Concepts
The Prototype Design
Long Range Development
Variability
Planning Modules - hospital_bldg_system0026
Figure 110-1. The planning modules
Figure 110-2. The Service Module as a Building Block for Alternative Building Configurations
Space Modules and Fire Section
Building Subsystems - hospital_bldg_system0030
Figure 110-3. The Building Subsystems
Services - hospital_bldg_system0032
Design Specificity
Application - hospital_bldg_system0035
The Data Base
The Planning Modules
The Structural Bay
Figure 210-1. The Structural Bay
Capabilities
Suites of Large Rooms - hospital_bldg_system0042
The Service Module
Figure 220-1. The Service Module
Derivation
Size and Shape
Figure 220-2. Nominal Service Module Dimensions
Fire Sections - hospital_bldg_system0048
Range of Shapes
Special Service Modules
Special Service Modules (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0051
Special Service Modules (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0052
Service Bays
Figure 220-3. Typical Service Bay
Variations
Figure 220-4. Split Service Bay
Figure 220-5. Internal Service Bay
Location
Figure - hospital_bldg_system0059
Service Zone - hospital_bldg_system0060
Channels - hospital_bldg_system0061
Figure 220-6. Subzones: Section Through Beams
Figure 220-7. Channels: Section Parallel to Beams
Figure 220-8. Channels: Plan
The sequence of channels will be controlled by three factors
Access and Maintenance
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0068
Functional Zone
Services - hospital_bldg_system0070
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0071
Figure 230-1. The Space Module
The Space Module: Basic Design
Space Module Characteristics
Area of Space Modules
Interior Organization
Figure 230-2. Plan Zones
Bedroom Zone
Figure 230-3. Patient Room Critical Dimensions
Structural Bay Width
Figure 230-4. Bedroom Width Variations
Figure 230-5. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Figure 230-6. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Figure 230-7. Sanitary Zone Options: Sample Studies
Planning Around Columns
Catalog of Space Module Capabilities
Figure 230-8. Space Module Summary Sheet
Figure 230-9. Space Module Type 1
Figure 230-10. Space Module Type 2
Figure 230-11. Space Module Type 3
Figure 230-12. Space Module Type 4
Figure 230-13. Space Module Type 5
Figure 230-14. Space Module Type 6
Figure 230-15. Space Module Type 7
Figure 230-16. Space Module Type 8
Figure 230-17. Space Module Type 9
Figure 230-18. Space Module Type 10
Figure 230-19. Space Module Type 11
The Fire Section
Figure 240-1. The Fire Section
Fire Section Characteristics
Figure 240-2. Fire Section Planning: System vs. Conventional
Relation to Functional Zone
Figure 240-3. Partition Requirements
Planning Module Applications
Tower separate from a base
Design Complexity
Alternative Configurations
Figure 250-1. Simple and Compound Assemblies
Legend for Figure 250-2
Figure 250-2. Examples of Classified Configurations
Assembly characteristics of the service module
The Service Bay
The Service Strip
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0118
Figure 250-3. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Adjacent to Service Module with Ducted Supply
Figure 250-4. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Located on Roof
Figure 250-5. Service Strip Alternate Strategy: Air-Handling Unit Located in Service Zone with Ducted Supply
Orientation and Access
Figure 250-6. Assembly Characteristics of the Space Module and Service Module
Assembly Characteristics of the Fire Section
Figure 250-7. Service Module Assembly Characteristics
Figure 250-8. Summary of Assembly Characteristics
The Building Subsystems
The Building Subsystems (cont)
Structure
Lateral Force Resisting Elements
Relationship between the main structural members
Figure 310-1. Basic Design of Structural Subsystem
Figure 310-2. Relationship Between Main Structural Members
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0134
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0135
Building Height
Building Width
Girders
Girders (cont)
Beams
Structural Slab
Shear Elements - hospital_bldg_system0142
Figure 310-3. Typical Set of Openings in Shear Wall Between Service Bay and Rest of Service Module
Penetration through shear resisting elements
Loading - hospital_bldg_system0145
Table 310-1. Design Live Loads
Figure 310-2. Summary of Vertical Design Loads
Lateral Loads
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0149
Special Considerations - hospital_bldg_system0150
Figure 310-4. Building Separations
Location of shear elements
Figure 310-5. Examples of Collectors for Lateral Forces
Double shear elements
Change of Direction in Framing
Figure 310-6. Accommodation of Change of Direction of Framing System when Beam Span is 45 Feet
Figure 310-7. Accommodation of Change of Direction of Framing System when Beam Span is not 45 Feet
Framing of Service Strips
Figure 310-8. Framing System for Portion of Floor with Service Strips
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0160
Excluded
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0163
Figure 320-1. Basic Design of Ceiling Subsystem
Supporting Framework - hospital_bldg_system0165
Figure 320-2. Ceiling Components
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0167
Figure 320-3. Example of a Poured Reinforced Gypsum Platform
Treatment of Walk-on Surface
Precast Lightweight Concrete
Figure 320-4. Example of a Precast Lightweight Concrete Platform
Figure 320-5. Example of a Dry Gypsum Platform
Figure 320-6. Example of a Metal Deck Platform
Finished Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0174
Option 2: Interrupted Ceiling Directly Applied to the Underside of the Platform
Option 2: Interrupted Ceiling Directly Applied to the Underside of the Platform (cont)
Option 3: Interrupted Finished Ceiling Suspended from the Platform
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0178
Figure 320-7. Ceiling Dimensions
Spacing of Main Members of Supporting Framework
Loading - hospital_bldg_system0181
Figure 320-8. Method of Support of Ceiling-Mounted Equipment from Structure Above
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0183
Figure 320-9. Acoustic Criteria for Various Assemblies
Finished Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0185
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0186
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0187
Penetrations
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0189
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0191
Figure 330-1. Basic Design of Partition Subsystem
Figure 330-2. Components of Partition Subsystem
Figure 330-3. Examples of Rated Perimeter Relief Runner Details at Head of Partition
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0195
Figure 330-4. Partition Generic Design Option 1: Gypsum Board on Metal Studs
Figure 330-5. Partition Generic Design Option 2: Laminated Gypsum Board
Typical Methods for Housing Services
Figure 330-6. Furring Around Surface Mounted Services
Dimensions - hospital_bldg_system0200
Strength
Laminated Gypsum Board Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0202
Attachments - hospital_bldg_system0203
Laminated Gypsum Board Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0204
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0205
Furring around surface mounted services
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0207
Gypsum Board on Metal Stud Partitions
Other Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0209
Access
Rate of Change of Services
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0212
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0213
Heating Ventilating Cooling
Figure 340-1. Basic Design of HVC Subsystem
Generic Design Options - hospital_bldg_system0217
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0218
Channels - hospital_bldg_system0219
Service Bay - hospital_bldg_system0220
Figure 340-3. Service Bay and Secondary Subzones: Plan
Internal Service Bays
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0223
Figure 340-4. Typical HVC Load Distribution
Figure 340-5. Air-Handling-Unit Capacities
Variable Characteristics
Fire Safety - hospital_bldg_system0227
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0228
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0229
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0230
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0231
Figure 350-1. Basic Design of Plumbing Distribution Subsystem
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0233
Figure 350-2. Typical Subzone Organization for Plumbing Distribution: Section
Figure 350-3. Secondary Subzones for Plumbing Distribution: Plan
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0236
Figure 350-4. Floor Drain Dimensions
Acoustics - hospital_bldg_system0238
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0239
Electrical Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0241
Figure 360-1. Basic Design of Electrical Distribution Subsystem
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0243
Service Bay - hospital_bldg_system0244
Design Criteria - hospital_bldg_system0245
Figure 360-3. Load Distribution by Percentage of Total Load
Figure 360-4. Load Distribution in Heavy Demand Areas
Distribution Network
Service Module Requirements
Accessibility - hospital_bldg_system0250
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0251
Coordination Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0253
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0254
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0255
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0256
Coordination Checklist (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0257
Table 370-1. Coordination Checklist Index
Procedure - hospital_bldg_system0259
Introduction - hospital_bldg_system0261
Introduction (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0262
Problem Analysis
Code Analysis
Design Development - hospital_bldg_system0265
Sanitary Zone
Configuration Options - hospital_bldg_system0267
Service Modules
Block Plan Concept
Building Schematic Design (Block Layouts)
Preliminary Documents
Contract Documents
Simplification
Production
VA Standards
Cost Estimating - hospital_bldg_system0277
Target Costs - hospital_bldg_system0278
Functional Area Costs - hospital_bldg_system0279
Construction Scheduling
Designing for Construction
Interstitial Space
Typical Sequence
Glossary - hospital_bldg_system0285
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0286
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0287
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0288
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0289
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0290
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0291
Glossary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0292
Data Base Volume 2
Data Base Volume 2 (Cont)
Data Base Requirements
Data Base Requirements (Cont)
Generalized Needs and Requirements: Total Hospital
User Needs for the Total Hospital
Maintenance - hospital_bldg_system0299
Building Management
Asepsis
Materials Handling and Transportation
Current Systems - hospital_bldg_system0303
Disposable (consumed) Items
Materials Handling and Transportation Systems
Current Systems - hospital_bldg_system0306
Communications - hospital_bldg_system0307
Functional requirements for the total hospital
Requirements Affecting the Configuration of Functional Units
Area Requirements
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0312
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0313
Table 510-1. Gross Departmental Areas (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0314
Unobstructed Area Requirements
Critical Dimension Requirements
Table 510-2. Spaces Required to be Column Free
Figure 510-3. Minimum Ceiling Heights
Requirements Affecting the Configuration of the Total Hospital
Relationship Between Functional Units
Relationship Between Functional Units (cont)
Building Height Limitations - hospital_bldg_system0322
Environmental Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0323
Acoustical Requirements
Lighting Requirements
Table 510-4. Acoustical Requirements
Table 510-5. Sound Transmission Resistance Between Nursing Unit Spaces, STC
Requirements for Finishes
Required Wall Finishes
Required Ceiling Finishes
Asepsis Requirements
Maintenance Requirements
Fire Safety Requirements
Table 510-6. Plumbing Distribution Requirements
Table 510-6. Plumbing Distribution Requirements (cont)
Table 510-7. Electrical Power Distribution Requirements
Miscellaneous Requirements
Attachment Requirements
Floor Slab Depression Requirements
Detailed Needs and Requirements: Nursing Units
General Nursing Unit
Table 520-1. Movement Factors: General Nursing Unit
Figure 520-1. General Nursing Unit: Nursing Staff Traffic Patterns
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0345
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0346
Figure 520-2. General Nursing Units: Organization Options
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0348
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0349
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0350
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0351
Social Work
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0353
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0354
Medical Service
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0356
Patient Bathing Facilities
Examination/Treatment Room - hospital_bldg_system0358
Medication Room - hospital_bldg_system0359
Offices - hospital_bldg_system0360
Intensive Care Units - hospital_bldg_system0361
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0362
Table 520-2. Movement Factors: Medical Intensive Care Unit
Table 520-3. Movement Factors: Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Table 520-4. Movement Factors: Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0366
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0367
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0368
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0369
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0370
Clinical Laboratory
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0372
Figure 520-3. Intensive Care Unit: Operational Relationship Option 1
Figure 520-4. Intensive Care Unit: Operational Relationship Option 2
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0375
Figure 520-5. Intensive Care Unit: Visual Control Diagram
Nurse's Station
Figure 520-6. Intensive Care Unit: Patient Environment Diagram
Figure 520-7. Cardiac Care Unit: Patient Room Example
Waiting Room
Self Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0382
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0383
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0384
Psychiatric Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0386
Table 520-5. Movement Factors: Psychiatric Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0388
Patients - hospital_bldg_system0389
Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Nurses
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0392
Laboratory Personnel
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0394
Functional Relationships - hospital_bldg_system0395
Figure 520-8. Psychiatric Unit: Primary Relationships
Security Room
Patient Shower and Toilet Facilities
Group Therapy Room
Offices - hospital_bldg_system0400
Nursing Instructor's Office
Nursing Home Care Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0403
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0404
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0405
Dayroom - hospital_bldg_system0406
Clinical Studies Unit
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0408
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0409
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0410
Nursing Students
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0412
Figure 520-9. Clinical Studies Unit: Operational Relationships
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0414
Nurses' Station
Dayroom - hospital_bldg_system0416
Gastroenterology Unit
Operational Relationships
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0419
Residents and Interns - hospital_bldg_system0420
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0421
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0422
Figure 520-10. Gastroenterology Unit: Operational Relationships with Related Nursing Units
Examination Room - hospital_bldg_system0424
Conference Room - hospital_bldg_system0425
Hemodialysis Unit
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0427
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0428
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0429
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0430
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0431
Patients' Dressing Area
Kitchen
Organ Transplant Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0435
Table 520-6. Movement Factors: Organ Transplant Unit
Figure 520-11. Organ Transplant Unit: Operational Relationships
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0438
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0439
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0440
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0441
Office and Conference Space
Cardio-Pulmonary Unit
Characteristics - hospital_bldg_system0444
Primary Users - hospital_bldg_system0445
Physicians - hospital_bldg_system0446
Nursing Staff - hospital_bldg_system0447
Trends - hospital_bldg_system0448
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0449
Space Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0450
Laboratory
Figure 520-12. Cardiac Catheterization Unit: San Francisco General Hospital
Equipment Storage - hospital_bldg_system0453
Electrocardiographic Laboratory
Technician Station
Patient Dressing
Teaching
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0458
Medical Students - hospital_bldg_system0459
Examination/Treatment Room - hospital_bldg_system0460
Residents' Quarters
Functional Requirements - hospital_bldg_system0462
Decentralized Facilities
Biomedical Engineering
Cost Base
Cost Parameters
Table 530-1. Summary of Subsystem Installed Costs
Description of Hospitals Studied
Memphis, Tennessee, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0469
Ceilings - hospital_bldg_system0470
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0471
Atlanta, Georgia, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0472
Heating-Ventilation-Cooling
Memphis, Tennessee, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0474
Atlanta, Georgia, VA Hospital - hospital_bldg_system0475
Plumbing distribution - hospital_bldg_system0476
Plumbing distribution (cont)
Component Costs
Table 530-3. Ceiling Cost Breakdown
Table 530-4. Partition Cost Breakdown
Table 530-4b. Partition Cost Breakdown, Finishes
Table 530-5. Mechanical Cost Breakdown
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0483
Functional Area Costs - hospital_bldg_system0484
Sumamry Tables
Table 530-8. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Miami VA Hospital
Figure 530-1. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Miami VA Hospital
Table 530-9. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Memphis VA Hospital
Figure 530-2. Functional Area Costs in Support Areas of the Memphis VA Hospital
Figure 530-3. Ceiling Functional Area Cost for Miami
Figure 530-4. Ceiling Functional Area Cost for Memphis
Figure 530-5. Partition Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-6. Partition Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0494
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling - hospital_bldg_system0495
Figure 530-7. HVC Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-8. HVC Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling (cont)
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0499
Figure 530-9. Plumbing Distribution Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-10. Plumbing Distribution Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0502
Electrical Power Distribution (cont)
Figure 530-11. Electrical Power Distribution Functional Area Costs for Miami
Figure 530-12. Electrical Power Distribution Functional Area Costs for Memphis
Building Trade Unions
Industrialization
Prefabrication and the Building System Prototype Design
Basic Concerns
Job Security
Job Security (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0512
Job Security (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0513
Attitudes Toward Prefabrication
Legal Influences
Legal Influences (cont)
National Union Policy
Recent Agreements
Future Trends - hospital_bldg_system0519
Determining Local Union Reaction to Proposed Prefabrication
Conclusions - hospital_bldg_system0521
Conclusions (cont)
References - hospital_bldg_system0523
References (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0524
Laws and Regulations
Codes
Federal Procurement Regulations
VA Manual M-7
VA Construction Standards
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0530
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0531
Discrepancies (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0532
Discrepancies (Cont) - hospital_bldg_system0533
VA Master Construction Specifications
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0535
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0536
VA Standard Details
Subsystem Checklist - hospital_bldg_system0538
Discrepancies - hospital_bldg_system0539
Project Report - Volume 3
Project Report - Volume 3 (cont)
Narrative - hospital_bldg_system0543
Summary - hospital_bldg_system0545
Conventional Design and Construction
Conventional Design and Construction (cont)
The Systems Approach
Performance Design
Cost/Performance Trade-off
Convergence and Feedback
Convergence and Feedback (cont)
Scope - hospital_bldg_system0553
Objectives
Improved Performance - hospital_bldg_system0555
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0556
Tasks
Tasks (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0558
Tasks (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0559
The Building System Prototype Design
The Building System Prototype Design (cont)
Conclusions - hospital_bldg_system0563
Life Cost - hospital_bldg_system0564
Improved Performance - hospital_bldg_system0565
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0566
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0567
Long-Range Development
Long-Range Development (cont)
Costs - hospital_bldg_system0570
Limitations and Constraints
Redundancy
Maintenance and Housekeeping
Hazards of Innovation
Recommendations - hospital_bldg_system0575
Construct a Mock-up for Physical Testing
Expand Scope to More Subsystems
Extend Capability to Needs of Other Uses
Further Development of the Data Base
Space Module Catalog
Building Technology and Systems Information
Further Research
Study Relative Merits of Horizontal vs. Vertical Hospital Configurations
Review of Planning Criteria
Review of Planning Criteria (cont)
Appendices
Appendices (cont)
Design Rationale, Planning Module
Figure 710-1. Functional Network Example
Room Module
Each module scale option
The Space Module - hospital_bldg_system0593
Organization - hospital_bldg_system0594
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0595
Double Loaded Corridor and Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0596
Cluster Plan Example (San Francisco)
Cluster Plan Example (Texas)
Core and Double Loaded Corridor Plan Example
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0600
Double Loaded Corridor and Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0601
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0602
Double Loaded Corridor Plan Example
Core Plan Example - hospital_bldg_system0604
Configuration Types
Architects for Example Nursing Units
Dimensional Characteristics
Relation of Span to Space Use
Relation of Span to Space Use (Cont)
Relation of Bay Width to Space Use
A Set of 11 Space Modules
Additional Space
Verification of Structural System
Suites of Large Rooms - hospital_bldg_system0614
Figure 710-2. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida
Figure 710-3. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Figure 710-4. Surgery Simulation, VA Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Figure 710-5. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida
Figure 710-6. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Figure 710-7. Radiology Simulation, VA Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Configuration Studies
Legend (Figures 710-8, 9 & 10)
Figure 710-8. VA Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
Figure 710-9. VA Hospital, Wood, Wisconsin
Figure 710-10. VA Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
Design Rationale, Building Subsystems
Framing System for Vertical Loads
Shallow Beams Combined with Suspended Ceiling-Platform
Deep Truss
Access Floor
Combination Access Floor and Suspended Ceiling
Building Height Limitations - hospital_bldg_system0633
Seismic Zone 1
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0635
Horizontal Access
The Platform is a Constant Height Above the Floor
Ceiling Lighting Fixtures are Surfaced Mounted
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0639
Figure 720-1. Interface Between Partitions and Services
The wet systems
Services - hospital_bldg_system0642
Individual Fan-Coil Units.
Air Velocity
Operating and Maintenance Costs
Single-Duct Air-Handling Units
Return/Exhaust Systems
Exhaust Shaft to the Roof
Special Exhaust and Toilet Exhaust: Main Distribution
Plumbing - hospital_bldg_system0650
Example Building Schematic Design
Program Analysis
Ratio of Gross to Net
Program Summary
Program Summary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0655
Program Summary (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0656
Space Module Selection
Figure 730-1. Typical Nursing Unit, Areas
Eligible Space Modules
Configuration Options - hospital_bldg_system0660
Figure 730-2. Module Type 6
Figure 730-3. Module Type 11
Choice of Configuration
Design Description
Figure 730-4. Gross Space Allocation
Fire Sections - hospital_bldg_system0666
Relationships
Figure 730-5. Building Configuration
Level 2
Figure 730-6. Level 0
Figure 730-7. Level 0
Figure 730-8. Level 1
Figure 730-9. Level 1
Figure 730-10. Level 2
Figure 730-11. Level 2
Figure 730-12. Level 3
Figure 730-13. Level 3
Figure 730-14. Level 4
Figure 730-15. Level 4
Figure 730-16. Site Plan
Figure 730-17. Sections
Example Service Module
Services - hospital_bldg_system0684
Main Distribution
Branch Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0686
Figure 740-1. The Shell Plan
Figure 740-2. The Services: Plan
Figure 740-3. Subzones: Section
Opening Configuration
HVC Distribution
Plumbing Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0692
Electrical Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0693
Figure 740-4. Functional Zone: Outpatient and Radiology
Figure 740-5. Service Zone: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-6. Service Zone: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-7. Service Zone: Electrical Subsystem
Alteration
Branch Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0700
Figure 740-8. Functional Zone: Radiology Department
Figure 740-9. Service Zone: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-10. Service Zone: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-11. Service Zone: Electrical Subsystem
Conclusion
Model and Mock-up Demonstration
Figure 740-12. Model: The Service Module
Figure 740-13. Model: Cross Section
Figure 740-14. Model: HVC Subsystem
Figure 740-15. Model: Plumbing Subsystem
Figure 740-16. Model: Electrical Subsystem
Figure 740-17. Model: Combined Services
Figure 740-18. Model: Service Bay
Figure 740-19. Model: Close Up
Figure 740-20. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-21. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-22. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-23. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Figure 740-24. Full Size Mock-up of Service Zone
Cost and Time Analysis
Table 750-1. Construction Cost Estimate, Example Building Schematic Design
First Cost
First Cost (Cont)
Building Subsystem Target Costs
Ceiling - hospital_bldg_system0726
Partitions - hospital_bldg_system0727
The cost per lineal foot of partition
The major variables affecting the cost of the partitions
Heating-Ventilating-Cooling - hospital_bldg_system0730
Electrical Power Distribution - hospital_bldg_system0731
Miscelaneous Cost-Benefit Analyses
Additional Space Resulting from the Use of a Structural Module
Simple vs. Complex Perimeter
Beams vs. Trusses
Beams vs. Trusses (cont)
Life Cost - hospital_bldg_system0737
Relation of Life Cost to First Cost
Analysis of Existing VA Hospitals
Operations and Maintenance - hospital_bldg_system0740
Major Alterations
Table 750-2. Alteration Cost Estimate, Example Service Module Design, Conventional Design and Construction
Table 750-3. Alteration Cost Estimate, Example Service Module Design, Building System Prototype Design
Total Effect on Life Cost
Time Reduction - hospital_bldg_system0745
Advantage sof Phased Bidding
Implications of Time Reduction
Special Procedures
Figure 760-1. Comparative Schedules
Phased Bidding
Phased Bidding (Cont)
Construction Management
Construction Management (cont)
Product Evaluation
Responsibility of the Construction Manager
Product Development
Predesign and Competitive Bidding
Limited Programs
A Development Program for a Special Ceiling System
Establish Scope
Evaluate Designs
Provide Development Assistance
Figure 760-2. Approximate Schedule for Special Ceiling Development Program
System Evaluation
Processing the Data
Ceiling Performance Specifications
Schedule - hospital_bldg_system0768
Scope - hospital_bldg_system0769
Not Included - hospital_bldg_system0770
Design Proposal
Other Material
Priced Proposal
Performance Criteria
Requirements
Surface Characteristics
Adaptability - hospital_bldg_system0777
Compatibility
Service Containers
Categories and Manufacturers
Prefabricated Bathroom Components
Figure 780-1. Service Container Categories 1-3
Figure 780-2. Service Container Categories 4-6
Ceiling-Hung Integrated Service Containers
Prefabricated Rooms for Specialized Environments
Cost Comparison (Example)
Figure 780-3. Basis of Cost Comparison
Results of Comparison
Bibliography - hospital_bldg_system0789
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0790
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0791
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0792
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0793
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0794
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0795
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0796
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0797
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0798
Bibliography (cont) - hospital_bldg_system0799
VA Hospital Building System - index
